Rosemarie Parse Human Becoming School Thought 1998 (USA)

Rosemarie Parse Human Becoming School Thought 1998 (USA) 

Rosemarie Parse earned her B.S. degree in nursing from Duquesne University and Master’s degree in nursing and PhD from the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Rosemarie Parse initiated and currently chairs the nursing theory, guided to practice expert panel of the American Academy of Nursing. Recent works include Community: A Human Becoming Perspective (2003), Qualitative Inquiry: The Path of Sciencing (2001), Man-living-health: A theory of nursing (1981) and The Human Becoming School Thought; A Perspective of Nurses and other Health Care Providers (1998). 

In 1981, Rosemarie Parse presented a unique theory of nursing titled ‘Man-Living-Health’, which stated the man as Homosapiens. Her purpose was to post an idea of nursing rooted in human science as an alternative to ideas of nursing grounded in the natural sciences. Based on the purpose, she posted assumptions such as
1. Man is coexisting while co constituting rhythmical patterns with the environment.
2. Man is an open being, freely choosing meaning in situation, bearing responsibility for decisions.
3. Man is a living unity continuously co constituting patterns of relating.
4. Man is transcending multi dimensionally with the possibilities.
5. Health is an open process of becoming, experienced by man.
6. Health is rhythmically co constituting process of the man-environment relationship.
7. Health is as inter subjective process of transcending with the possibilities.
8. Health is unitary man’s negentropic unfolding.

In 1998, Rosemarie Parse revised the assumptions about the human becoming school of thought are

• The human is co existing while co constituting rhythmical patterns with the universe
• The human is open, freely choosing meaning in situation, bearing responsibility for decisions
• The human is unitary, continuously co constituting pattern of relating
• The human is transcending multi dimensionally with the possibles
• Becoming is Unitary Human-Living-Health
• Becoming is a rhythmically co constituting process of the human universe process
• Becoming is the human’s pattern of relating value priorities
• Becoming is an inter subjective process of transcending with the possibles
• Becoming is unitary human’s emergency

The original nine assumptions are further synthesized into three assumptions such as
1. Human becoming is freely choosing personal meaning in situations in inter subjective process of relating value priorities.
2. Human becoming is co creating rhythmical patterns of relating in open interchange with the universe
3. Human becoming is co transcending multi dimensionally with the unfolding possibilities

Principles
The main three themes can be identified in Parse’s (1998) assumptions: meaning, rhythmicity and transcendence. Meaning refers to the linguistic and imagined content of something and the interpretation that one gives to something. Rhythmicity refers to the paced and paradoxical patterning of the human universe mutual process. Transcendence is described as reaching beyond with possible, the hopes and dreams as seen in multidimensional experience. Each of Parse’s theme leads to principles of human becoming.
Principle 1: Structuring meaning multi dimensionally is co creating reality through the languaging of valuing and imaging. It inter relates the concept of imaging, valuing and languaging. Co creating refers to human universe participation in the creating of pattern. Languaging reflects the image and values through speaking and movement, valuing is the process of living cherished beliefs and imaging is to know the explicit and tacit knowledge.
Principle 2: Co creating rhythmical patterns of relating is living the paradoxical unity of revealing-concealing and enabling-limiting while connecting-separating. She stated that these rhythmical patterns are not opposites; they are two aspects of the same rhythm and exist simultaneously, one in foreground and other in the background.
Principle 3: Co transcending with possible is the powering and originating of transforming. Powering is an energizing force, the rhythm of which is the pushing-resisting of inter human encounters. Originating is inventing new ways of conforming- not conforming in the certainty-uncertainty of living. Transforming is defined as the changing of change and is recognized by increasing university.  

Human becoming and the four major concepts
Human universe
She stated human being as ‘lives at multidimensional realms of the universe all at once, freely choosing ways of becoming as meaning is given to situations.
Health
She described unitary human’s health as a synthesis of values, way of living. It is not the opposite of disease or a state that a human has but rather a continuously changing process that the human co creates in mutual process through the human universe experience and is incarnated as patterns of relating value priorities. 

Nursing
She defined nursing as a basic science, the practice of which is a performing art like drama, dance, in each, the artist creates something unique. The knowledge base of the discipline is the science of art and performance is the art creatively lived.
Environment
She define contextual situations of nursing practice as being nurse-person or nurse-group or nurse-community. She does not define specific practice setting related to environment. She is a successful nursing theorist to create a new paradigm of nursing. The human becoming school thought has gained recognition internationally.